[Reported Speech] Thì hiện tại đơn: Lùi thì như thế nào trong câu tường thuật?

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How is the statement in the present simple backward? How many rules are there to change from direct to indirect sentences? Let’s learn together with Monkey to learn about indirect (narrative) sentences in this article!

Definition – Reported Speech (Reported Speech)

Declarative sentences (indirect sentences) in English are used to narrate, repeat an event or someone’s words. In other words, the use of a declarative sentence is a way of changing from a direct sentence to an indirect sentence.

3 common types of reported (indirect) sentences:

Concept: Narrative sentence of a statement is used to narrate a statement, a sentence of someone.

Structure: S + say/said/tell/told + (that) + S + V

Example: Tom says that he can go to the library today.

(Tom says he can go to the library today.)

Yes/No questions

Definition: A question-report sentence is used to report a question or a question of someone.

Structure: S1 + asked/ wondered/ wanted to know (+ O) + if/whether + S2 + V

Where: asked = asked

wonder = wonder, wonder

wanted to know = wanted to know

For example:

I said Tom: “Do you go to the library today?”

(I said to Tom: Are you going to the library today?)

I asked Tom if/whether he went to the library that day.

(I asked Tom is he going to the library today?)

WH-question

Structure: S + asked (+Object) + What/ When/… + Subject _ Verb

How to convert: Keep the question word and change the subject – verb/ auxiliary verb position.

Example: When do you go to the library? – I told Tom

I asked Tom: “When he went to the library?”

Imperative statements are often used to report someone’s command to another person.

Structure:

Affirmative: S + told + Object + to-infinitive.

Example: “Please Tom does homework now” – Tom’s mother said

Tom’s mother told him to do homework then/ at the time.

Negative: S + told + Object + not to-infinitive.

Example: “Don’t make noise” – The teacher said her student

The teacher told her student not to make noise.

4 Rules to change direct sentences into simple present tense indirect sentences

General rules when changing from direct to indirect sentences: Match the narrative content in the back and reverse its verb to 1 tense, the pronoun is converted accordingly.

Specifically, you’ll need to perform 4 conversion rules that are equivalent to 4 steps in the following order:

Rule 1: Choose the right narrative (introduction) word

Choose the main verb in the reported sentence (it can be say/tell and in the past form said/told). Note, when changing from a direct sentence to an indirect sentence, the introductory verb is usually conjugated in the past tense, with or without a conjunction (that).

In terms of meaning, we use “say/ said” when we want to express what we say or say the person himself and we use “tell/ told” when we want to express what we say to someone.

Example: Tom said: “I go to the library today”. (Tom said he went to the library today.)

=> Tom said he went to the library that day. (Tom said that he went to the library today.)

Rule 2: (V) in the direct sentence is in the present simple backward?

To change a direct sentence in the simple present tense to a reported sentence, you need to move back to the simple past tense, that is, 1 tense back compared to the tense in the direct sentence.

For example: Tom said: “I go to the library today”. (Tom said: “I went to the library today”).

=> Tom said he went to the library that day. (Tom said he went to the library today.)

Note:

• For modal verbs can, may, and must, change to could, might, must/ had to.

• For the case where the direct sentence expresses a fact, a natural truth or when the main verb in the reported sentence is in the present form (say / tell), this backward step can be omitted.

Example: My mother said: “You are a kind and polite girl.”

(Mother said: I am a kind and polite girl)

My mother said (that) I was a kind and polite girl.

(Mother said: I am a kind and polite girl)

Rule 3: Change the place of possessive pronouns and adjectives

	Direct Sentences	Reported speech
Pronouns	I	heh, she
	We	they
	You	I, we
Possessive pronoun	mine	his, hers
	ours	theirs
	yours	mine, ours
Positive adjectives	my	his, her
	our	their
	your	my, our
object	me	him, her
	us	them
	You	me, us
Subject	this	that
	these	those

Example: Tom says: “I go to the library today”. (Tom said: “I went to the library today”).

=> Tom said he went to the library that day. (Tom said he went to the library today.)

Rule 4: Change the adverb

Direct Sentences	Reported speech
here	there
this	that
these	those
now	then/ at the time
today	that day
Yesterday	The day before/ the previous day
The day before yesterday	Two days before
Tomorrow	The day after/ the next day/ the following day
The day after tomorrow	Two days after/ in two days’ time
Ago	Before
This week	That week
Last week	The week before/ the previous week
Next week	The week after/ the following week/ the next week

Example: Tom says: “I go to the library today”. (Tom said: “I went to the library today”).

=> Tom said he went to the library that day. (Tom said he went to the library today.)

See also: Exercises (bt) Present Simple and Present Continuous (YES ANSWER)

30+ practice sentences in the present simple backward when changing from direct to indirect

1.“Open the door.” he said to them.

– He told them…………………………………………………………………….. ……….

2. “Where are you going?” he asked her.

– He asked her where…………………………………………………………………….. ………….

3. “Bring it back if it doesn’t fit.”, I said to her.

– I told……………………………………………………………………….. …………………………..

4. “Don’t try to open it now.” she said to us.

– She told…………………………………………………………. ……………………..

5. “Is it going to be a fine day today?” I asked her.

– I asked her……………………………………………………………………….. ……………………..

6. “He’s not at home.”, she said.

– She said that…………………………….. ……….

7. “Is the bus station far away?” the girl asked.

– The girl wanted to know…………………………….. …..

8. “Don’t stay out late, Ann.” Tom said.

– Tom told Ann……………………………………………………………………….. ……….

9. “Please let me borrow your car.” he said to her.

– He asked……………………………………………………………………….. ……………………..

10. “Jean, have you seen my gloves?” Thomas asked.

– Thomas asked Jean …………………………………………………………………. ……….

11. Don’t leave the window open, Mary.”, I said.

– I told Mary……………………………………………………………………….. ……………………..

12. “Can I sit beside you, Jean?” Tom asked.

– Tom asked Jean………………………………………………………………. ……….

13. “I want a camera for my birthday.” he said.

– He said that……………………. ……………………..

14. “Don’t use too much hot water.” she said to us.

– She asked us……………………………………………………………………… ……….

15. “Don’t do it again.” she said to them.

She told them……………………………………………………………………… ……….

16. “Don’t get your shoes dirty, boys.” she said.

– She told ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………..

17. “What do you want for lunch today, Peter?” Mary asked.

– Mary asked ……………………………………………………………………… ……………………..

18. “Can I borrow your typewriter, Janet?” asked Peter.

– Peter asked if ……………………………………………………….. ……………………..

19. “Where is my umbrella?” she asked.

She asked……………………………………………………………………… ……….

20. “How are you?” Martin asked us.

Martin asked us……………………………………………………………………… ……………..

21. He asked, “Do I have to do it?”

He asked……………………………………………………………………… ……….

22. “Which dress do you like best?” she asked her boyfriend.

She asked her boyfriend…………………………………………………………………………………… ……….

23. The teacher asked, “Who speaks English?”

The Teacher wanted to know…………………………………………………………………….. ……………..

24. “How do you know that?” she asked me

She asked me……………………………………………………….. ……………..

25. “What’s the time?” he asked.

→ He wanted to know ………………………. …..

26. “Are you crazy?” she asked him.

→ She asked him ……………………………………………………….. …. .

27. “Can you meet me at the station?” she asked me.

→ She asked me ………………………… …. .

28. “Who knows the answer?” the teacher asked.

→ The teacher wanted to know ……………………………………………………….. …… .

29. “Why don’t you help me?” she asked him.

→ She wanted to know ……………………………………………………….. …..

30. “Do you enjoy listening to music?” Bin asked her.

__________________________________________________________________.

31. She said to me “Can you speak Vietnamese?”

__________________________________________________________________.

32. “I don’t like this red cap,” she said.

__________________________________________________________________.

33. “I must go home to make the dinner”, said Linda.

__________________________________________________________________.

34. “Do your sister and brother go to the same school?” Nam asked his friend.

__________________________________________________________________.

35. ”Give him a smile,”The photographer told him.

__________________________________________________________________.

Answers to exercises

1. He told them to open the door.

2. He asked her where she was going.

3. I told her to bring it back if it didn’t fit.

4. She told us not to try to open it then.

5. I asked her whether/ if it was going to be a fine day that day.

6. She said that he was not at home.

7. The girl wanted to know whether/ if the bus station was far away.

8. Tom told Ann not to stay out late.

9. He asked her to let him borrow her car.

10. Thomas asked Jean whether/if she had seen his gloves.

11. I told Mary not to leave the window open

12. Tom asked Jean whether/if he could sit beside her.

13. He said that he wanted a camera for his birthday.

14. She asked us not to use too much hot water.

15. She told them not to do it again.

16. She told 26. She told the boys not to get their shoes dirty.

17. Mary asked what Peter wanted for lunch that day.

18. Peter asked Janet whether/ if he could borrow her typewriter.them not to do it again.

19. She asked where her umbrella was.

20. Martin asked us how we were.

21. He asked if he had to do it.

22. She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best

23. The teacher wanted to know who spoke English

24. She asked me how I knew that

25. He wanted to know what the time was

26. She asked him if he was crazy

27. She asked me if I could meet her at the station

28. The teacher wanted to know who knew the answer

29. She wanted to know why he didn’t help her

30. Bin asked her if she enjoyed listening to music.

31. She asked me if I could speak Vietnamese.

32. She told me that she didn’t like that red cap.

33. Linda told me that she must go home to make the dinner.

34. Nam asked his friend whether her/his sister and brother went to the same school.

35. The photographer told him to give him a smile.

As can be seen, the grammar of direct and indirect sentences is relatively difficult and complicated. In this article, you need to understand how the direct sentence in the present simple backward is like when changing to the indirect sentence and the rules to complete the reporting process. Don’t be in a hurry, read it little by little and practice with Monkey!

Wish you all good study!

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